Smaller cubic capacity and lower fuel consumption while offering the same, if not better, performance – that is the recipe for success when it comes to downsizing. A modern turbocharged system is necessary to achieve this. The global development trend toward turbocharging for gasoline engines is in full swing. International automotive supplier Continental is supporting this trend and setting milestones with its pioneering and innovative turbocharger technology.
Wolfgang-Breuer_Powertrain-Head-of-BU-Engine-Systems
The first Continental turbocharger went into series production in a highly efficient, multi-award-winning 1.0L engine in 2011. The company is now adding another chapter to this success story with a technological world premiere: Continental’s powertrain developers have launched series production of the first car turbocharger with an aluminum turbine housing. Integration of the unit in the three-cylinder gasoline engine for the MINI Hatch has been ongoing since spring 2014.
“Aluminum in a turbocharger designed for cars is a real milestone,” says Wolfgang Breuer, Head of the Engine Systems Business Unit of the Powertrain Division. “With this lightweight material, we are saving nearly 30% of weight compared to a conventional turbocharger while simultaneously reducing costs and achieving system benefits,” he added.
Continental’s innovative turbocharger with aluminum turbine housing is making its debut in a demanding downsizing application: a turbocharged three-cylinder engine with 1.5l of cubic capacity and 100kW of power. “It’s not just the aluminum that makes the turbocharger special; it was also developed from being a typical add-on component to an integral part of the engine,” explains Udo Schwerdel, Head of the Turbocharger Product Line, Engine Systems, Powertrain Division. “In order to meet the requirements placed on the unit and its integration in the cylinder head, we worked closely with the BMW Group starting from the simulation phase – an indication of trust that we greatly appreciate.”
Light Weight
Full-load operation can be enough to make common turbocharger constructions with a steel housing glow red all over, however, the aluminum turbine housing keeps a cool head. “The double-walled aluminum housing surrounds the hottest area with a cooling water jacket,” says Schwerdel. The coolant flowing through this jacket ensures that the external housing surface does not get hotter than 120°C (248°F) and the internal temperature does not exceed 350°C (662°F), which Udo Schwerdel explains has not one, but two benefits: “First, much less effort is required to protect neighboring components from the heat. Second, cooling of the exhaust flow reduces the thermal load on the catalytic converter, meaning it hardly ages at all.” At the same time, the dynamic response of the electric actuator at the wastegate ensures that the catalytic converter heats up quickly.
In keeping with the modular principle given by the customer, the turbocharger is tightly integrated in the engine (it is a fixed component of the exhaust manifold), but Continental turbochargers with a steel housing can also be attached to the same base engine using the interface on the cylinder head. The car manufacturer is using this option for high-performance engines as well as vehicles for export to hot countries. The bearing housing is cooled from inside the turbocharger for steel variants, while cooling from outside is sufficient for aluminum turbochargers.
In the MINI, 1.2kg of weight is saved per aluminum turbocharger. Since reduced weight also means reduced fuel consumption, the lightweight material supports the fuel consumption and emission targets of the automotive industry. Despite the additional expenditure for the water cooling, aluminum turbochargers are more affordable for automotive manufacturer. “High-temperature-resistant materials such as nickel-base alloys drive up prices for turbochargers with steel housings,” says Schwerdel, “whereas our aluminum alloy is a cost-effective material.”
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